In experimental hutch No. 1, measurement equipment is installed for XAFS measurements, including detectors, stages and a slit. This equipment is installed on an experimental stage having dimensions of 1.2 m (long) × 1 m (wide). The beam height is 360 mm from the top of the experimental stage.
Fig. 1: Schematic view of experimental stage for XAFS measurement system.
Detectors
Oprics
θ stage with X-Z stage
Step θ stage: 0.0025º/pulse
X stage: 0.001 mm/pulse (stroke: ±75 mm)
Z stage: 0.0001 mm/pulse (stroke: ±50 mm)
Experimental stage
Size: 1.2 m (L) × 1 m (W)
Slit with X-Z stage
Slit stroke: ± 10 mm
X stage: 0.001 mm/pulse (stroke: ± 25 mm)
Z stage: 0.0001 mm/pulse (stroke: ± 10 mm)
Measurement devices
Power supply for NIM bin, high-voltage power supplies for ionization chambers, current amplifier, VF converter, quad counter, spectroscopic amplifier, SCA, MCA, etc.
Transmission mode is standard for XAFS measurement and it is performed using two ionization chambers. The energy range covered is from 3.5 to 23 keV. A suitable combination of ionization chambers and filling gases should be selected depending on the energy range of the experiment.
Gas-flow ionization chamber
Gases: helium, nitrogen, argon, and mixtures of these gases
Lengths: 6.5 cm, 17 cm, 31 cm
Maximum voltage: 2000 V
Fig. 2 Cu K-edge XAFS spectra of Cu foil measured in transmission mode at room temperature.
The Lytle detector, which is an ionization chamber with a large detection area, is used for fluorescence XAFS.
Energy range |
3.5 ~ 23 keV |
Sample conditions
|
Concentration of dilute sample > 0.1 wt.% Thickness of thin film sample > 100 nm |
Photo 1: View of Lytle detector
The silicon drift detector is used for fluorescence XAFS for dilute or thin film samples that require a high energy resolution to resolve the fluorescence signal from the target material.
Detectable size |
50 mm2 × 2 mm (t) |
Energy range |
3.5~23 keV |
Sample condition |
Concentration of dilute sample > 100 ppm Thickness of thin film sample > 10 nm |
Photo 2: View of silicon drift detector
The CEY detector is mainly used for thin film samples that have high concentrations of atoms. CEY mode has the advantage that it detects signals with a higher efficiency than fluorescence mode.
Sample stage size |
Diameter: 50 mm |
Energy range |
3.5 ~ 23 keV |
Sample condition |
Thickness of thin film sample > 0.5 nm and other kinds of samples |
Photo 3: View of CEY detector